Come visualizzare specifiche e dettagli del disco rigido

Linux viene fornito con vari comandi per trovare informazioni sul tuo disco rigido. Raccomando il comando hdparm che fornisce un’interfaccia a riga di comando per vari ioctl del disco rigido supportati dal sottosistema di driver del dispositivo Linux ATA/IDE standard. Questo comando legge/richiede informazioni identificative come dimensione del disco, descrizione e molto altro direttamente dall’unità, che viene visualizzata in un nuovo formato espanso.

Comando hdparm

Apri il terminale e digita il seguente comando per trovare informazioni su /dev/sda:
# hdparm -I /dev/sda
O
$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda
Output di esempio:

/dev/sda:
ATA device, with non-removable media
 Model Number: HGST HUS724020ALA640
 Serial Number: PN2134P6JLWNBP
 Firmware Revision: MF6OAA70
 Transport: Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0; Revision: ATA8-AST T13 Project D1697 Revi
sion 0b
Standards:
 Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0029)
 Supported: 8 7 6 5
 Likely used: 8
Configuration:
 Logical max current
 cylinders 16383 16383
 heads 16 16
 sectors/track 63 63
 --
 CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
 LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
 LBA48 user addressable sectors: 3907029168
 Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
 Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
 device size with M = 1024*1024: 1907729 MBytes
 device size with M = 1000*1000: 2000398 MBytes (2000 GB)
 cache/buffer size = unknown
 Form Factor: 3.5 inch
 Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200
Capabilities:
 LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
 Queue depth: 32
 Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
 R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16
 Advanced power management level: disabled
 DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
 PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
 Enabled Supported:
 * SMART feature set
 Security Mode feature set
 * Power Management feature set
 * Write cache
 * Look-ahead
 * Host Protected Area feature set
 * WRITE_BUFFER command
 * READ_BUFFER command
 * NOP cmd
 * DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
 Advanced Power Management feature set
 Power-Up In Standby feature set
 * SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
 SET_MAX security extension
 * 48-bit Address feature set
 * Device Configuration Overlay feature set
 * Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
 * FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
 * SMART error logging
 * SMART self-test
 Media Card Pass-Through
 * General Purpose Logging feature set
 * WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
 * 64-bit World wide name
 * URG for READ_STREAM(_DMA)_EXT
 * URG for WRITE_STREAM(_DMA)_EXT
 * WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
 * {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
 * Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
 * unknown 119(7)
 * Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
 * Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
 * Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
 * Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
 * Host-initiated interface power management
 * Phy event counters
 * NCQ priority information
 Non-Zero buffer offsets in DMA Setup FIS
 * DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
 Device-initiated interface power management
 In-order data delivery
 * Software settings preservation
 * SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
 * SCT Write Same (AC2)
 * SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
 * SCT Features Control (AC4)
 * SCT Data Tables (AC5)
Security:
 Master password revision code = 65534
 supported
 not enabled
 not locked
 frozen
 not expired: security count
 not supported: enhanced erase
 444min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000cca22de4c582
 NAA : 5
 IEEE OUI : 000cca
 Unique ID : 22de4c582
Checksum: correct

Comando lshw

È necessario installare il comando lshw utilizzando il comando apt-get o yum. Per visualizzare tutti i dischi e i controller di archiviazione nel sistema, immettere:
# lshw -class disk -class storage
Output di esempio:

   *-storage
 description: SATA controller
 product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller 1 (AH
CI mode)
 vendor: Intel Corporation
 physical id: 1f.2
 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
 logical name: scsi0
 logical name: scsi1
 version: 05
 width: 32 bits
 clock: 66MHz
 capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated
 configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
 resources: irq:34 ioport:f0b0(size=8) ioport:f0a0(size=4) ioport:f090(siz
e=8) ioport:f080(size=4) ioport:f060(size=32) memory:f7d12000-f7d127ff
 *-disk:0
 description: ATA Disk
 product: HGST HUS724020AL
 physical id: 0
 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
 logical name: /dev/sda
 version: MF6O
 serial: PN2134P6JLWNBP
 size: 1863GiB (2TB)
 capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
 configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=00077b8e
 *-disk:1
 description: ATA Disk
 product: HGST HUS724020AL
 physical id: 1
 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
 logical name: /dev/sdb
 version: MF6O
 serial: PN2134P6JRXJ5X
 size: 1863GiB (2TB)
 capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
 configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=000c8e4f

Scopri solo il nome dei dischi

Il seguente comando elencherà rapidamente i dischi installati inclusi i driver CD/DVD/BD:
# lshw -short -C disk
Output di esempio:

H/W path Device Class Description
======================================================
/0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 2TB HGST HUS724020AL
/0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/sdb disk 2TB HGST HUS724020AL